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cím: From Textile Sea to Tiny Bikini! The Evolution of Swimwear at the Turn of the 20th Century
lead: When seaside vacations became fashionable in the second half of the 19th century, not only the etiquette but also the attire of bathing was strictly regulated. Wearing a swimsuit meant covering up, not showing off. Yet over the following decades, the baggy skirts disappeared, and swimsuits slowly started to resemble what we know today.
tartalom: + 1 Since when do we go to the beach to "swim and sunbathe"? Bathing became a trend in Europe—especially in England and France—from the mid-19th century. Brighton, Biarritz, Scheveningen: these places saw the birth of the first “bathing fashions.” Although trends didn’t spread nearly as fast as they do today via Insta posts and social media, Hungary wasn’t far behind the Western bathing culture. The first bathing house on Lake Balaton opened in 1864 in Keszthely (for men), followed by similar structures in Balatonfüred and Siófok. These were more like changing cabins built onto piers, with separate facilities for men and women. Entering the water was guided more by etiquette and medical advice than by fun. We can proudly say that therapeutic spas like Hévíz introduced bath cabins much earlier, especially upon medical recommendation. In Hévíz, the first bathhouse on stilts was already built in 1795—meaning that bathers came to Lake Hévíz even before Lake Balaton became popular. Long Skirts and Puffy Trousers But back to our main topic—what did our predecessors actually consider "swimwear"? Primarily, it was an outfit designed for walking along the beach. Going into the water or sunbathing was out of the question. The seashore was mainly recommended for the benefit of salty sea air. The beach attire covered nearly every part of the body, and parasols were a must-have for ladies, as tanned skin was not appropriate in aristocratic and bourgeois circles. Simply put, it was considered too “common.” Some, of course, couldn’t resist the temptation of the water. For them, swimming wasn’t even an option—they were lucky if they didn’t get too wet in their "bathing" outfits, which looked something like this: Long skirt – down to the ankles, to hide the legs Baggy trousers underneath – for modesty Waist belt or drawstring – to keep the dress in place in the water Long-sleeved blouse – often with a collar Hat or head covering – to protect from the sun Materials: flannel, linen, or thick wool. These fabrics held their shape well when dry—but became extremely heavy when wet! Light colors were typically chosen, since the many layers already made the outfits warm enough—dark colors would’ve made things even worse. Subtle Modernization, or the Era When Calves No Longer Had to Be Hidden By the end of the 19th century, expectations began to change. As more people ventured into the water, skirts became shorter—now only just below the knees—so the trousers underneath also became shorter and less baggy. Eventually, separate skirts and blouses were replaced by a single-piece tunic-style garment for simplicity and safety. The new swimwear often featured large collars and sailor-style motifs. Colors were mostly navy blue or black, often with stripes. The darker colors helped ensure the thinner garments remained opaque when wet. In the 1910s–1920s, swimsuits began shrinking rapidly Starting in the 1910s, swimming gained popularity—especially among women. Swimwear fashion followed this shift toward practicality, led by figures like Australian swimming champion and actress Annette Kellerman. In 1907, she was even arrested in the U.S. for wearing a one-piece, body-hugging swimsuit. That event only added fuel to the fire, accelerating the modern transformation of swimwear, which coincided with the rise of women’s emancipation. Sleeveless tops appeared almost out of nowhere (even in casual wear), and swimsuits were sometimes one-piece, sometimes two-piece. Trousers were shortened to mid-thigh, and eventually to much shorter lengths. The resulting scandal led to enforced swimsuit regulations, including mandatory length measurements—sometimes checked with tape measures! Wool still dominated in materials, but now with thinner weaves. Large hats were replaced by headscarves or swim caps, not for sun protection but to keep hair in place. Still, the suits remained heavy (and dark), especially when wet. Elastic Fabric Revolutionizes Swimwear in the 1920s–30s This change wasn’t driven primarily by new attitudes, but by a new invention: Lastex, a rubber-threaded textile. Thanks to this material, swimsuits in the 1920s became form-fitting. Skirts disappeared completely, and necklines and backlines grew bolder. The elastic fabric allowed for snug-fitting, stretchy, and—most importantly—fast-drying swimsuits. Less fabric was needed, and color variety exploded on the beaches. Swimwear became not only practical but sexy, too. Film stars of the 1930s—like Jean Harlow or Greta Garbo—graced magazine covers in their swimsuits. Swimwear Fashion at Lake Balaton and in Hévíz Hungarian beach towns like those along Lake Balaton and Hévíz also adopted international swimwear trends. By the late 1920s, women were wearing shorter, one-piece swimsuits, and men wore tank-top-style suits. At Lake Hévíz, the clothing remained more conservative due to its medicinal purpose, but sportier swimsuits also became increasingly popular. What Came Next? After World War II, everything changed. In the mid-1940s, French engineer Louis Réard introduced the first bikini—ushering in an entirely new era of swimwear fashion. But that’s another story... Image sources: Fortepan and heviz.hu
title: From Textile Sea to Tiny Bikini! The Evolution of Swimwear at the Turn of the 20th Century
description: When seaside vacations became fashionable in the second half of the 19th century, not only the etiquette but also the attire of bathing was strictly regulated. Wearing a swimsuit meant covering up, not showing off. Yet over the following decades, the baggy skirts disappeared, and swimsuits slowly started to resemble what we know today.
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